• Write all information in your bound journal
• Make it NEAT and in COMPLETE SENTENCES remember to keep your units with all numbers
• You can use table format
• Box final answers if doing math.
• -4pt if you do not title and date the entry
• -1pt (per infraction) if you do not clearly identify the sections, or number the problems

1. What causes sour taste?
2. What is the chemical formula for citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, where are these acids found in nature?
    
   
   16.1
   
3. What was the earliest definitions of acids and bases?
4. What was Svante Arrhenius's definition?
5. Show mathematically the 37% HCl solution is 12M.
    
   
   16.2
   
6. What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases, how is it different than Arrhenius?
7. Diagram what a H+ ion would do in water. How do chemist note it?
8. Explain using the Bronsted-Lowry method HCl in Water.
9. Explain using the Bronsted-Lowry method Ammonia in Water.
10. What does Amphiprotic mean?
11. Explain conjugate acid and conjugate bases using nitrous acid and water.
12. Explain conjugate acid and conjugate bases using ammonia and water.
13. Explain the relative strengths of acids and bases (3 points).
     
    
    16.3
    
14. What does auto ionization of water mean?
15. Explain how the io-product constant of water s 1.0e-14.
16. What is meant if the solution is neutral in terms of concentration?
17. What is the concentration of H+ ions if the concentration of OH- is 0.010M?
     
    
    16.4
    
18. Explain the pH Scale?
19. If the concentration of H+ is 1e-3 what is the pH?
20. What is the pH of normal human blood?
21. What is pOH?
22. If the pOH is 10.24 what is the concentration of H+
23. What are the 7 color indicator dyes used for determining pH?

(15pts) Problem set1:
16.18, 16.30, 16.36, 16.38