402 CH4 Section 2 Reading guide and Problems: What is a machine? What is input and output in regards to a machine? What is input force (Force applied) and output force (Force moved) in regards to a lever? What is the equation for mechanical advantage given in the book? What is the actual mechanical advantage equation given in class? What is the (actual) mechanical advantage of a lever that allows a girl to lift a 30-newton box with a force of 5 newtons? What are the six simple machines that were discussed in class? Explain with the pulley system on page 94 how work (energy) is conserved with a simple machine. What is true for all machines? The input force must be applied over a _____________ distance to satisfy the rule for input and output. A jack is used to lift one side of a car in order to replace a tire. To lift the car, the jack handle moves 30 centimeters for every one centimeter that the car is lifted. If a force of 100 newtons is applied to the jack handle, what force is applied to the car by the jack? You can assume all of the input work equals output work (no friction). Two movers use a pulley to lift a 2,000-newton piano up to the second floor. Each time he pulls the rope down 1 meters (input distance), the piano moves up 0.33 meter (output distance). With what force do the movers pull on the rope? A nutcracker is a very useful lever. The center of the nutcracker (where the nut is) moves one centimeter for each 2.50 centimeters your hand squeezes down. If a force of 50 newtons is needed to crack the shell of a walnut, what force must you apply? Diagram all the parts of a lever? What is the equation to determine the Ideal Mechanical Advantage (IMA) of a lever? What are the three different classes of lever? Diagram each one (again). Makes sure you can tell the differences between them. The mechanical advantage of each lever is always determiend by what? What determines the mechanical advantage of a pulley? How do you determine the mechanical advantage of a gear? How do you determine the mechanical advantage of a ramp or inclined plane? How do you determine the mechanical advantage of a screw? A lever has an input force of 5 newtons and an output force of 15 newtons. What is the mechanical advantage of the lever? A simple machine has a mechanical advantage of 5. If the output force is 10 N, what is the input force? You use a rope and pulley system with a mechanical advantage of 5. How big an output load can you lift with an input force of 200 N? A lever has an input arm 50 cm long and an output arm 20 cm long. a. What is the mechanical advantage of the lever? b. If the input force is 100 N, what is the output force? You want to use a lever to lift a 2000 N rock. The maximum force you can exert is 500 N. Draw a lever that will allow you to lift the rock. Label the input force, output force, fulcrum, input arm, and output arm. Specify measurements for the input and output arms. State the mechanical advantage of your lever. A rope and pulley system is used so that a 20 N force can lift a 60 N weight. What is the minimum number of ropes in the system that must support the weight? A rope and pulley system has two ropes supporting the load. a. Draw a diagram of the pulley system. b. What is its mechanical advantage? c. What is the relationship between the input force and the output force? d. How much can you lift with an input force of 20 N? You push a heavy car weighing 500 newtons up a ramp. At the top of the ramp, it is 2 meters higher than it was initially. a. How much work did you do on the car? b. If your input force on the car was 200 newtons, how long is the ramp?